I would
like to take you in a journey in a far desert spaces and places. A journey to
know about dwellings of ordinary people
in desert towns and villages. I need to
tell you about inhabitants who think, design and build with the feeling that
they are influencing the environment through the nature of their own homes. It
is a journey about earth, mud, clay and local materials. In short it is about
buildings we have come to call desert vernacular architecture.
The
enthusiasm to work on my research started with an interest in vernacular architecture
and a fascination with earth construction. As an architect it was always striking
to learn how people designed and built vernacular settlements in the past without
any technical education and how they produced spectacular complex architectural
forms. Moreover their dwellings are still alive today and have managed to
survive for centuries. The decision to study desert vernacular architecture in
the Western Desert in Egypt was based on the personal belief that this
strikingly vernacular work should be saved from the severe danger and acute
risks it is now facing.
In the
beginning of my work I was advised by senior colleagues not to tackle such
problems in the Western Desert in Egypt. They claimed that I am swimming
against the stream. I choose the little town of Balat as a location for my work
application. During my four years working with Balat locals, I came to
understand that Balat is a place that in addition to farming has harbored many
traditional crafts for hundreds of years, including traditions of carpentry,
blacksmithing, oil pressing, mud plastering, mud casting and pottery making.
Inhabitants who lived harsh and ascetic lives were working and continue to work
and build within ancient traditions that personified discipline, persistence,
and insistence on perfection. I learned a great deal from these people during
my work. I baked, cooked, plastered, cast mud brick and shared with them many
social activities as well.
Along
the periphery of the compact urban fabric of this little town of Balat there
are contrasts and extremes. You feel there is another world with different
patterns of identity and spirit, a world of modernity and buildings made of
steel and cement instead of traditional materials. People who have built that
new world within the vernacular one have created a contrast in which there are
fundamental differences between vernacular and contemporary systems of
building. Although the modern concrete built environment is to a large extent
brutal to vernacular environments, it contains elements of human ambitions
towards a dream for a better future that should be considered when using a
vernacular approach. Desert vernacular settlements are a precious past that
must be conserved and retained. However, I believe that understanding the past
vernacular practice is also a tool for improving the present and future. This
belief is the driving force that has kept me working with my research.
I cannot
deny that my project has encountered some problems along the way and has
sometimes been a tiring process due to lack of accurate maps and at other times
lack of documentation. Travelling long distances and staying for long periods
in the desert seemed at times to be torture, but now looking back I perceive it
as an enjoyable learning experience and a rare chance to get in touch with myself.
I look forward to continuing this discussion with you! Please feel free to offer comment or question. FREE access to this article for the next 30 days is available through
this link.
Marwa Dabaieh